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Electrochemical biosensor for the study of DNA methylation
Petrula, Jakub ; Hrdý, Radim (referee) ; Hynek, David (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with design and optimalisation of custom biosensor for detection of methylated DNA. Teoretical part explains the mechanism and importance of DNA methylation. Next section describes analytical methods used in connection with DNA methylation and some basic direct and indirect methods of detection. Final part is dedicated to experiment itself, which is divided into several sections. Section one deals witch modification of working electrode and optimalisation of detection method. Second section introduces two different ways of DNA methylation detection. First is based on direct detection and second one on detection through the biosensor. Final part shows determination of methylcytosine from sample based on analysing characteristic attributes of signal and numeric algorithm based on curve fitting.
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DNA analysis of nonpathogenic clostridia isolated from cheeses
Chroboková, Maria ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular method which allows in vitro replication of nucleic acids. It allows the identification and quantification of microorganisms or to prove specific gene sequentions in different matrices of biological origin. Some nonpathogenic species of genus Clostridium cause damages of cheeses, so their identification and quantification is very important in cheesemaking. In this thesis, specific primers for genus Clostridium were tested. Bacterial DNA from culture collection strains and from strains isolated from damaged cheeses were used. Genus-specific region for Clostridium was amplified using specific primers. The PCR products (619 bp) were detected using electrophoresis in 1,8% agarose gel. Genus-specific character of primers was confirmed. DNA of Lactobacillus was used for negative control.
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The impact of chimerism in DNA-based forensic analysis
Kalousková, Martina ; Šimková, Halina (advisor) ; Vaněk, Daniel (referee)
The presence of two or more zygotically distinct lineages in a single person refers to chimerism. All types of chimerism have positive as well as negative impact on health of human chimeras. Both congenital and acquired chimerism must be taken into account in diagnostics, genetics but also in the forensic DNA analysis. This phenomenon has impact on the results of individual identification and kinship determination. With the forensic analysis it is possible to detect chimerism of people under investigation. Even though these situations are rare, some cases of wrong identification proving the consequences of the chimerism are recorded.
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Biological age prediction using DNA analysis
Stokičová, Linda ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Tomášek, Petr (referee)
Eye colour, hair colour and biogeographical origin can be predicted based on DNA analysis. This is used in forensic genetics when an unknown perpetrator leaves a biological material on a crime scene. Prediction of biological age is the subject of further research. Nowadays, there is no standardised model, which can be used for accurate prediction. The best option for biological age prediction is DNA methylation - stable epigenetic modification. Many markers have been evaluated. Methylation of these markers correlates with biological age positively or negatively. Methylation has tissue specificity, so one model cannot be applied on all types of tissues. Model for biological age prediction can be applied during investiganting of a criminal activity, when the identity of a person commiting a crime is unknown. Key words: methylation, chronological age, biological age, DNA analysis, forensic genetics
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Taxonomic revision of the genera Anisus in the Czech Republic (Mollusca: Planorbidae)
Zavoral, Tomáš ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Beran, Luboš (referee)
The aim of this work is to critically review the anatomical and morphological characters being currently used in the determination of Central European species of the genus Anisus and to confront them with molecular characters. For the molecular analysis mitochondrial genes for 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase - subunit I (COI) were used. DNA analysis showed that known species occuring in the Czech Republic form well distinguishable genetic lines. Subsequent revisions of the anatomical characters of these lines have proven that these characters are due to their variability not suitable for determination, especially for the differentiating of the species A. spirorbis and A. leucostoma. The conchological characters have proven more suitable, especially the ratio of the size of the last and penultimate whorl. With the help of this character, we can safely determine a population within which there are transitional forms in other morphological and anatomical characters.
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Population genetics of bees
Beranová, Tereza ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
Bees are one of the most important group of all insect, which plays a significant role in crop pollination. This bachelor thesis is review of articles, which speaks about genetic diversity of Apidae (Apoidea, Anthophila) and factors, which influence genetic diversity of this family. This thesis represents anthhropogenic impact, such as urbanization and fragmentation, and impact, which was not caused by human population, such as, climate change and parasite impact, on bee population. Part of this thesis is created by bee life overview and basic information about population genetics. The aim of this work is finding extent of declining pollinator problem, especially wild bees and also naming the bacic methods, which are used in this work. Key words: population, DNA analysis, threats, conservation genetics, bees, biogeography
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CSI effect and its influence on the perception of forensic biology
Míková, Zuzana ; Pinkr, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
1 Abstract This bachelor thesis tries to give an outline on how the TV projects into our everyday life. There are many crime TV series that we can watch. These programmes unfortunately give a distorted view of the forensic and investigative work performed in crime laboratories, as they show a great number of inaccurate or altogether false information. This thesis shows some cases of the 'CSI effect', which emerged after crime series got increasingly popular both in the Czech Republic and abroad. Then it explains how the so often used DNA analysis really works. Finally, it gives some ideas and examples of what teachers can do to prevent the CSI effect from spreading. Key word CSI effect, biological materials, DNA analysis, inquiry based science education
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